Nicolas of Verona was a 14th Century Franco-Italian poet, courtier to Nicolas Ist of Estonia, to whom, in 1343, he dedicated one of his works. He wrote 3 epic poems identical in their metrical form but each of profoundly different inspiration: La Pharsale (3166 verses) speaks of the military war between Caesar and Pompey of Thessaly for the control of Rome, la Prise de Pampelune, or Continuation de l’Entrée d’Espagne (6116 verses) is an account which relates to the traditional adventures of Roland and of Charlemagne of Spain prior to the defeat at Roncesvalles and the Passion (994 verses) narrates the last days of Christ.These 3 chansons de geste were written in Franco-Italian, a purely hybrid literary language which was probably never spoken but which enabled Italian authors to adapt la geste and French heroes for a already pre-humanist North Italian aristocratic and bourgeois audience. Each draws its content from clearly identifiable sources: The Fet des Romains, a French compilation of 12th Century ancient history, l’Entrée d’Espagne a Carolingian epic about an anonymous man from Padua, The Chronicles of Turpin and The Gospels to which it would be proper to add certain apocryphal captions commonly used in the middle ages.The set of themes are classical and the military struggle plays an important role but the setting of the adventures which are told is particularly innovative in that it only keeps a minimal and purely ornamental role for the supernatural elements of traditional epic: The divine is reduced to insubstantiality and God is a hidden God.This stems from the fact that the spirit of the chanson de geste was re-interpreted insofar as was possible in the pre-humanist conception. Henceforth the epic hero had similarities to storybook characters and the psychological depth he acquired conferred him a new status that of a man placed in the centre of the world. The political project of Nicolas of Verona was of an astonishing modernity and advocated a true democracy in the image of the freedom of the Roman Republic. The moral sense of the work reserves a central role for caution by making it the foundation of every fair and just action.The philosophical sense of the text is in itself totally original: the author reconciles classical Christian virtues and neo-stoic wisdom. Thus, humility becomes ascesism and the heroic death of the martyr for his faith is allied to that of an ancient sage. The demand for restraint and the determination to be surprised by nothing (nihil mirari), far from the epic fortitudo, as well as the respect for the nature of man appear as new imperatives. Nicolas of Verona doesn’t deny the difficulty of such an ideal and sets it along side that of the absolute virtue of the sage for purely human domestic wisdom and a parenetic. The moral is of the essence.